Discussions at Allies in Ankara repeatedly returned to one idea: NATO 3.0 is not only about higher defence budgets or stronger military capabilities, but about whether societies themselves are resilient enough to withstand hybrid threats. EDAM Secretary General Prof. Dr. Çiğdem Üstün argues that information manipulation, economic vulnerability, and social division now target citizens directly, making societal resilience an equally important pillar of deterrence. Meeting this challenge requires investment well beyond the defence sector — in education, media literacy, civic awareness, and social cohesion.

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