On December 8, Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) seized power in Syria, ending the decades-long regime of Bashar al-Assad. While this momentous event has brought jubilation to many Syrians, it has also raised critical questions about the nation’s future. Syria’s transition remains precarious, with challenges ranging from uniting its diverse society to addressing regional and global influences. The success of this fragile process will hinge on the careful navigation of Syrian Arab nationalism, integration of foreign fighters, and cooperation among international stakeholders.